Syllabus (BOTANY)

Course Type: MAJ-3

Semester: 3

Course Code: BBOTMAJ03C

Course Title: Morphology, Anatomy and Plant Taxonomy

(L-P-Tu): 4-2-0

Credit: 6

Practical/Theory: Combined

Course Objective: 1. This paper intends to offer the bird’s eye view about the morphological, anatomical and systematic beauty of the angiosperms. 2. It offers the sound idea about the diversity of angiosperms along with its identification. 3. It offers the different t

Learning Outcome: 1. Students will learn the morphological, anatomical & systyematic pleasure of the angiosperms world. 2. A detail concept & knowledge will develop to understand the angiosperm diversity. 3. Application of systematic knowledge will increase their appetit

(Theory, Credit 4)

Unit	Topic	No. of Lectures/Hrs
1	Vegetative morphology- A general account of root, stem & leaves with different types of modifications; Different types of stipules and modifications along with phyllotaxy and diversity of leaves.	5
2	Flower- different types of inflorescences; Floral morphology with special reference to adhesion and cohesion of the floral parts, Placentaion - types; Floral formula, Floral diagram.	4
3	Fruit s & seeds- types and their taxonomic relevance	4
4	Structure and Development of Plant Body internal organization of plant body: The three tissue systems, types of cells and tissues. Root stem transition. Apical meristems Evolution of concept of organization of shoot apex Types of vascular bundles; Structure of dicot and monocot stem.	5
5	Vascular Cambium and Wood Structure, function and seasonal activity of cambium; Secondary growth in root and stem with Types of Anomalous secondary growth with special emphasis on Boerhavia and Dracaena. Axially and radially oriented elements; reaction wood; Sapwood and heartwood; Ring and diffuse porous wood; Early and late wood, tyloses; Dendrochronology. Development and composition of periderm, rhytidome and lenticels.	5
6	Significance of Plant systematics as a synthetic science, Functions of Herbarium; Important herbaria and botanical gardens of the world and India; Virtual herbarium; E-flora; Documentation: Flora, Monographs, Journals; Keys: Single access and Multi-access.	8
7	Taxonomic hierarchy, Concept of taxa (family, genus, species); Categories and taxonomic hierarchy; Species concept (taxonomic, biological, evolutionary). Botanical nomenclature, Principles and rules (ICN); Ranks and names; Typification, author citation, valid publication, rejection of names, principle of priority and its limitations; Names of hybrids.	8
8	Systems of classification, Idea on classification systems of Bentham and Hooker, Engler and Prantl and Takhtajan; Classification system of Bentham and Hooker (up to series). Brief reference of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV) classification.	8
9	Biometrics, numerical taxonomy and cladistics Characters; Variations; OTUs, character weighting and coding; Cluster analysis; Phenograms, cladograms (definitions and differences).	5
10	Phylogeny of Angiosperms Terms and concepts (primitive and advanced, homology and analogy, parallelism and convergence, monophyly, Paraphyly, polyphyly and clades). Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Methods of illustrating evolutionary relationship (phylogenetic tree, cladogram only).	8

Practical (Credits -2, 60 Hrs)

1. Study of phyllotaxy and stipules (including modifications).

2. Study of Inflorescence types- Racemose, Cymose, Special types and with respect to the specific families below

3. Study of floral morphology with special reference to adhesion and cohesion of the floral parts, placentation.

4. Study of different fruit types with respect to the specific families below

5. Study of vegetative and floral characters of the following families (Description, V.S. flower, section of ovary, floral diagram/s, floral formula/e and systematic position according to Bentham & Hooker’s system of classification):
Malvaceae – Sida sp. / Abutilon sp.
Acanthaceae – Ruellia sp./Barleria sp.
Fabaceae – Tephrosia sp./Crotalaria sp.
Verbenaceae – Lantana sp./Duranta sp.
Asteraceae - Vernonia sp./Ageratum sp., Eclipta sp./Tridax sp.
Solanaceae – Solanum sp./Nicotiana sp.
Lamiaceae – Leucas sp./Ocimum sp.
Euphorbiaceae – Euphorbia sp. / Jatropha sp.
Poaceae – Triticum sp./Chrysopogon sp. or any local common grass

Orchidaceae- Vanda sp.
6. Mounting of a properly dried and pressed specimen of any wild plant with herbarium label (to be submitted in the record book – At least 25 nos.).

7. Root: monocot, dicot, secondary growth.
8. Stem: monocot, dicot - primary and secondary growth

9. Anatomy of Leaf: isobilateral, dorsiventral

10. Anomalous secondary growth (Through permanent slides).

11. Study of Stomata and its types

13. Field visit (two) at least one to study the local flora

Reading References:

1. College Botany: Volume 1 by Hirendra Chandra Gangulee (Author), Kumud Shankar Das (Author), Chittatosh Dutta (Author), Shyamapada Sen (Editor)
2. A Textbook of Botany: Vol II by Bhattacharya Ghosh Hait
3. Dickison, W.C. (2000). Integrative Plant Anatomy. Harcourt Academic Press, USA.
4. Fahn, A. (1974). Plant Anatomy. Pergmon Press, USA.
5. Mauseth, J.D. (1988). Plant Anatomy. The Benjammin/Cummings Publisher, USA.
6. Evert, R.F. (2006) Esau’s Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their Structure, Function and Development. John Wiley and Sons, Inc
7. Singh, (2012). Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice Oxford & IBH Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.3rd edition.
8. Jeffrey, C. (1982). An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellogg, E.A., Stevens, P.F. (2002). Plant Systematics-A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates Inc., U.S.A. 2nd edition.
10. Maheshwari, J.K. (1963). Flora of Delhi. CSIR, New Delhi.
11. Radford, A.E. (1986). Fundamentals of Plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New York.