Syllabus (CHEMISTRY)

Course Type: ME-4

Semester: 4

Course Code: BCEMMEA24C

Course Title: Acid Base Theory and General Organic Chemistry

(L-P-Tu): 3-1-0

Credit: 4

Practical/Theory: Combined

Course Objective: COURSE OBJECTIVE OF MINOR – 4: The syllabus of Minor - 4 has been designed to provide the students with the basic ideas of General Inorganic and Physical Chemistry. The two modules consisting of Acid-Base Theory and Organic reaction mechanisms will prov

Learning Outcome: COURSE OUTCOMES OF MINOR – 4: CO- 4.1: Understand the basic principles of Acid-Base Theory; Different definitions of Acid-Base Theories and its applications. CO- 4.2: Gather basic knowledge about fundamentals of organic chemistry. CO- 4.3: Gather basi

THEORY:

1. ACID-BASE THEORY – (10 L):

Brönsted–Lowry concept, conjugate acids and bases, relative strengths of acids and bases, effects of substituent and solvent, differentiating and levelling solvents. Lewis acid-base concept, classification of Lewis acids and bases, Lux-Flood concept and solvent system concept. Hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB concept), applications of HSAB process.

2. GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I (35 L):

a) Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Electronic displacements: inductive effect, resonance and hyperconjugation; cleavage of bonds: homolytic and heterolytic; structure of organic molecules on the basis of VBT; nucleophiles electrophiles;reactive intermediates: carbocations,carbanions and free radicals.

b) Stereochemistry:

Different types of isomerism; geometrical and optical isomerism; concept of chirality and optical activity (up to two carbon atoms); asymmetric carbon atom; elements of symmetry (plane and centre); interconversion of Fischer and Newman representations; enantiomerism and diastereomerism, meso compounds; threo and erythro, D and L, cis and trans nomenclature; CIP Rules: R/S (upto 2 chiral carbon atoms) and E/Z nomenclature.

c) Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions:

Nucleophilic substitutions: SN1 and SN2 reactions; eliminations: E1 and E2 reactions (elementary mechanistic aspects); Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations; elimination vs. substitution.

d) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in context to their structures.

e) Alkanes: (up to 5 Carbons):

Preparation: catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent. Reactions: mechanism for free radical substitution: halogenation.

f) Alkenes: (up to 5 Carbons):

Preparation: elimination reactions: dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides; cis alkenes (partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans- alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions: cis-addition (alkaline KMnO4) and trans- addition (bromine) withmechanism,addition of HX [Markownikoff’s (with mechanism) and anti-Markownikoff’s addition], hydration, ozonolysis, oxymercuration-demercuration and hydroboration-oxidation reaction.

g) Alkynes: (up to 5 Carbons):

Preparation: acetylene from CaC₂ and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides.

h) Reactions:

Formation of metal acetylides, addition of bromine and alkaline KMnO4, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alkaline KMnO4.

READING REFERENCES:

1. Madan, R. L. Organic Chemistry, S. Chand & Sons.
2. Wade, L. G., Singh, M. S., Organic Chemistry.
3. Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
4. Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education).
5. Eliel, E. L. & Wilen, S. H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Wiley: London, 1994.
6. Sen Gupta, Subrata. Basic Stereochemistry of Organic molecules.
7. Kalsi, P. S. Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism, Eighth edition, New Age International, 2014.
8. Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

PRACTICALS:

Qualitative Analysis of Single Solid Organic Compound(s)

1. Detection of special elements (N, Cl, and S) in organic compounds.

2. Solubility and Classification (solvents: H2O, dil. HCl, dil. NaOH)

3. Detection of functional groups:Aromatic-NO2, Aromatic -NH2, -COOH, carbonyl (no distinction of –CHO and >C=O needed), -OH (phenolic) in solid organic compounds.

REFERENCES FOR PRACTICALS:

1. Mukherjee, K. S. Text book on Practical Chemistry, New Oriental Book Agency.
2. Ghosal, Mahapatra&Nad, An Advanced course in practical Chemistry, New Central Book Agency.
3. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Part 2: Qualitative Organic Analysis, CBS Publishers and Distributors.

4. Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.