Syllabus (PHYSICS)

Course Type: ME-7

Semester: 7

Course Code: BPHSMEA47T

Course Title: Thermal and Statistical Physics

(L-P-Tu): 3-0-1

Credit: 4

Practical/Theory: Theory

Course Objective: Thermal and Statistical Physics

Learning Outcome: Thermal and Statistical Physics

Minor-IV: Thermal and Statistical Physics (4 Credits)

Course Objective:

Theory (3 Credits)

Laws of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Description of system: Zeroth Law of thermodynamics and temperature. First law and internal energy, conversion of heat into work, Various Thermodynamical Processes, Applications of First Law: General Relation between CP and CV, Work Done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes, Compressibility and Expansion Coefficient, Reversible and irreversible processes, Second law and Entropy, Carnot’s cycle & theorem, Entropy changes in reversible & irreversible processes, Entropy-temperature diagrams, Third law of thermodynamics Unattainability of absolute zero. (16 Lectures)

Thermodynamical Potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs, Helmholtz and Internal Energy functions, Maxwell’s relations and applications- Joule-Thompson Effect, Clausius- Clapeyron Equation, Expression for (CP – CV), CP/CV, TdS equations. (7 Lectures)

Kinetic Theory of Gases: Derivation of Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocities and its experimental verification, Mean free path (Zeroth Order), Transport Phenomena: Viscosity, Conduction and Diffusion (for vertical case), Law of equipartition of energy (no derivation) and its applications to specific heat of gases; mono-atomic and diatomic gases. (8 Lectures)

Blackbody Radiation: Blackbody radiation, Spectral distribution, Concept of Energy Density, Derivation of Planck's law, Deduction of Wien’s distribution law, Rayleigh- Jeans Law, Stefan Boltzmann Law and Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law. (7 Lectures)

Statistical Mechanics: Phase space, Macrostate and Microstate, Entropy and Thermodynamic probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann law - distribution of speed; Quantum statistics: Fermi-Dirac distribution law – electron gas; Bose-Einstein distribution law - photon gas; comparison of three statistics.

(7 Lectures)

Practical (1 Credit)

List of Practicals (Any five)

1. To determine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat by Callender and Barne’s constant flow method.
2. Measurement of Planck’s constant using black body radiation.
3. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of Cu by Searle’s Apparatus.
4. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by Angstrom’s Method.
5. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton’s disc method.
6. To determine the temperature co-efficient of resistance by Platinum resistance thermometer.
7. To study the variation of thermo emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with temperature.
8. To record and analyze the cooling temperature of an hot object as a function of time using a thermo-couple and suitable data acquisition system
9. To calibrate Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) using Null Method/Off- Balance Bridge
10. To determine Stefan’s Constant.

Reading References

Theory

1. Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and C. Ghosh, 2^nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Thermal Physics, A B Gupta and H P Roy, Books and Allied Pvt Ltd
3. Thermal and Statistical Physics, Sandeep Sharma, Ane Books Pvt Ltd
4. Thermal Physics, A. Kumar and S. P. Taneja, R. Chand & Co

Practical

1. An Advanced Course in Practical Physics, D Chattopadhyay and P C Rakshit, Central
2. B Sc Practical Physics, C L Arora, S Chan & Co
3. Advanced Practical Physics, B Ghosh and K. G. Mazumdar, Shreedhar Prakashani
4. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint & H.T.Worsnop, Asia Publishing House.