Syllabus (ZOOLOGY)

Course Type: ME-2

Semester: 2

Course Code: BZOOMEB12C

Course Title: Diversity of Animals and Cytogenetics

(L-P-Tu): 2-2-0

Credit: 4

Practical/Theory: Combined

Course Objective:

Learning Outcome: Course outcomes: At the end of the course the student should be able to: Understand basics of classification of non-chordates and chordates. Learn the diversity of habit and habitat of these species. Study the functional biology of animals through their

Diversity of Animals and Cytogenetics

Theory=2 credits

Course objective: It is required to generalize about certain things and to dismiss others because the field of non-chordate and chordate biology is so extensive and runs across so many disciplinary lines that it is necessary to generalize about some topics. Classification, Structure and function were chosen as the primary focuses for the curriculum that we devised for studying diversity of animals so that we could establish common threads of interest.

Genetics is one of the fastest-moving fields of science, with new discoveries being made every month. The study of genetics is timely, important, and fascinating because of the many new discoveries and applications of genetics that have substantial economic and ethical implications.

Group A:

Diversity of Animals

Non-chordates:

Protozoa

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to phylum (according to Levine et. al., 1981)

Porifera

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Cnidaria

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Ctenophora

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Platyhelminthes

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Nematoda

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Annelida

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Arthropoda

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Mollusca

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Onychophora

General characteristics and Evolutionary significance

Echinodermata

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Hemichordata

General characteristics and Classification with examples up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6^th Edition)

Chordates:

1. General characteristics of Phylum Chordata

2. Classification with characteristic features and examples with scientific names of:

1. Up to Classes: Sub-Phyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata – as per J. Z. Young (1981)
2. Up to Order: Superclass Agnatha – as per J. Z. Young (1981)
3. Up to Sub-classes: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes – as per Berg (1940); and Aves – as per J. Z. Young (1981)
4. Up to living Orders: Amphibia – as per Duellman and Trueb (1986),
5. Up to living Orders: Reptilia and Mammalia – as per J. Z. Young (1981)

Group B:

Cytogenetics

Overview of Cells

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Basic structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Viruses, Viroid,
                  2. Plasma Membrane and Nucleus, Cytoplasmic organelles (Mitochondria, Endoplasmis Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus and Lysosome)

Basic Mendelian Genetics and its Extension

1. 1. 1. Principles of inheritance, Epistasis Multiple alleles, Sex-linked, sex- influenced and sex-limited inheritance, Polygenic Inheritance.

Linkage and Crossing Over

Sex Determination in Drosophila sp.

Chromosomal disorder: Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome

Practical- 2 Credits

Group A: Diversity of Animals

Non-chordates:

1. 1. 1. 1. Identification with reason:

Protozoa: Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium

Porifera: Sycon, Neptune’s Cup

Cnidaria: Obelia, Physalia, Aurelia

Platyhelminthes: Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium

Nematoda: Ascaris lumbricoides

Annelida: Aphrodite, Nereis, Hirudinaria

Arthropoda: Limulus, Eupagurus, Bombyx, Periplaneta

Mollusca: Pila, Pinctada, Sepia, Octopus

Echinodermata: Asterias, Ophiura, Cucumaria

Hemichordata: Balanoglossus

2. Mount of mouth parts and dissection of digestive system of cockroach

Chordates:

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Identification with reason:

Protochordata: Ascidia, Branchiostoma

Agnatha: Petromyzon, Myxine, Ammocoete larva

Chondrichthyes & Osteichthyes: Scoliodon, Hippocampus, Heteropneustes, Clarias,

Amphibia: Bufo, Rana, Ambystoma, Rhacophorus, Necturus

Reptilia: Chelone, Hemidactylus, Draco, Typhlops, Chamaeleo, Naja , Ptyas, Hydrophis

Aves: Psittacula, Passer, Pycnonotus

Mammalia: Pteropus, Funambulus, Suncus

1. 1. 1. 2. Pecten of Fowl
         3. Dissection of Tilapia: Digestive system, Brain, pituitary

Group B: Cytogenetics

1. Pedigree analysis of some human inherited traits

2. Preparation of temporary stained squash of onion root tip to study various stages of mitosis

Laboratory Note Book must be prepared on day-to-day basis and should be signed by the concerned teacher immediately after the laboratory work. The Laboratory Note Book should contain all the items in the syllabus and must be submitted on the day of examination.

Reference Books:

Group A: Diversity of Animals

Non-chordates

Ruppert and Barnes, R.D. (2006). Invertebrate Zoology, VIII Edition. Holt Saunders International Edition.

Invertebrates by Brusca & Brusca. Second edition, 2002.

The Invertebrates: A New Synthesis, III Edition, Blackwell Science.

Chordates

Hildebrand, M. (1995). Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. John Wiley & Sons.

Chaki, K.K. Kundu, G. & Sarkar, S. (2005). Introduction to General Zoology. Vol. 1. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata.

Jordan, E.L. & Verma, P.S. (2003). Chordate Zoology. S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.

Sinha, K. S., Adhikari, S., Ganguly, B. B. & Bharati Goswami, B. D. (2001). Biology of Animals. Vol. II. New Central Book Agency (p) Ltd. Kolkata.

Parker, T. J. & Haswell, W. (1972). Text Book of Zoology, Volume II: Marshall and Willam (Eds.) 7th Ed. Macmillan Press, London.

Young, J. Z. (1981). The Life of Vertebrates. 3rd Ed. ELBS.

Chatterjee and Chatterjee Practical Zoology

Ghosh, K.C. and Manna, B. (2015): Practical Zoology, New Central Book Agency, Kolkata

Sinha, J.K. , Chatterjee, A.K. and P. Chattopadhyay Advanced Practical Zoology

Group B: Cytogenetics

Lewin’s Cells – 3rd Edition – Cassimeris/Lingappa/Plopper – Johns & Bartlett Publishers

Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. V Edition. ASM Press and Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

Bruce Albert, Bray Dennis, Levis Julian, Raff Martin, Roberts Keith and Watson James (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell, V Edition, Garland publishing Inc., New York and London.

Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. V Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc

Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. (2012). Concepts of Genetics. X Edition.

Benjamin Cummings

Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach.III Edition. Benjamin Cummings

Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and Carroll, S.B.