Syllabus (ZOOLOGY)

Course Type: MAJ-17

Semester: 8

Course Code: BZOOMAJ17C

Course Title: Cell, Tissue Structure and Function

(L-P-Tu): 4-2-0

Credit: 6

Practical/Theory: Combined

Course Objective:

Learning Outcome: Course Outcome:  The students will know more about the key concepts that underlies the cellular biochemistry. The importance of well-synchronised activity of the cell is necessary for the continued existence of a living organism.

Cell, Tissue Structure and Function

Theory=4 credits

Course Objective: To understand the complicated cellular chemistry, a comprehensive study of sub-cellular component is prerequisite. Recently developed mathematical/computational approaches explained cellular behaviour through the generation of quantitative information, some of which have yet to be invented. Emerging approaches in the evaluation of quantitative information has now become the primary focus for cell biologists.

Title: Cell, Tissue Structure and Function

1. Cell membranes and their functions:

Ultra structure and composition of Plasma membrane: Fluid mosaic model

1.1. Membrane pumps, carriers, channels. 1.2. Transport across membrane: Diffusion, Active and Passive transport, ion pumps, uniport, symport and antiport. Facilitated transport.

2. Cytoplasmic organelles

Basic structure and functions of cell organelles:

2.1. Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosome and Endoplasmic Reticulum

3. Cell adhesion molecules:

3.1. Extracellular matrix molecules, Cellular adhesion, Intercellular junctions, Connective tissues, microtubules and cytoskeleton (RBC cytoskeleton as a model).

4. Cell signalling:

4.1. G- protein and signal transduction. 4.2. Signal hypothesis, Intracellular protein trafficking.

5. Cytoskeleton and cellular motility:

5.1. Motor proteins: Actin and myosin binding proteins. 5.2. Cytoskeletal structures: microtubules, microfilaments, & intermediate filaments.

6. Cell to cell communication:

6.1. Basic structure of extracellular matrix. 6.2. Fundamental idea of: Tight Junctions, Gap junctions, Desmosomes, Hemi-desmosomes, Focal adhesion.

7. Cell cycle:

7.1. Cell cycle check-points, role of cyclins and CDKs. Regulation of CDK-Cycline activity. 7.2. Functional role of the following proteins: APC, Mcm, Aurora and Polo like Kinase, Condensins, & Kinesins.

8. Cancer biology: Basic concepts.

9. Somatic cell fusion:

9.1. Human – rodent hybrid cells, radiation hybrid mapping.

10. Programmed cell death:

10.1. Regulators of programmed cell death, cell death pathways, relationship with cancer. 10.2. Apoptotic cell detection: Annexin V Assay.

11. Histology and histological methods:

11.1. Types & Organization of Tissues. 11.2. Principle and methods of staining. 11.3. Histological stains (Haematoxylin & Eosin). 11.4. Types of fixatives & chemistry of fixation. 11.5. Tissue processing (Dehydration, Clearing, & Embedding). 11.6. Microtomy: Types of microtome, sectioning & paraffin blocks. Overview of ultra microtomy.

Practical 2 credits

1. Cell, Tissue Structure and Function:

1.1. Cell separation techniques.

1.2. Primary culture of Cells.

1.3. Determination of cell size and granularity. Annexin V staining by flowcytometry / fluorescent imaging. DAPI nuclear blabbing imaging.

1.4. Identification of different mammalian tissues.

1.5. Microtechnique.

Books Recommended:

1. Alberts, B. et al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science.

2. Becker, W. M. et al.: The World of the Cell. Benjamin-Cummings.

3. Cooper, G. M. and Hausman, R. E.: The Cell-A molecular approach. Sinauer Associates.

4. Townsend-Nicholson, A. et al.: Cell Biology: A Short Course, Wiley-Blackwell.

5. Harvey, L. et al.: Molecular Cell Biology. W.H. Freeman.

6. Karp, G.: Cell and Molecular Biology - Concepts and experiments. John Wiley.

7. Lodish et al.: Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman.

8. Ploper, G., Sharp, D. and Sikorski, E.: Lewin's CELLS, Jones & Bratlett.

9. Bancroft, J. D. and Stevens, A.: Theory and Practice of Histological techniques, Churchill-Livingstone.

10. Bancroft, J. D. and Gamble, M.: Theory and Practice of Histological techniques, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier.

11. Bloom, W. and Fawcett, D. W.: A Textbook of Histology. 12th edition, CRC Press.

12. Junqueira, L. C. and Carneiro, J.: Basic Histology: Text and Atlas. 11th edition, McGraw Hill Lange Med. Pub.

13. Ross, M. H.; Reith, E. J.; and Romell, L. J.: Histology: a text and atlas. 2nd edition, Williams and Wilkins.

14. Robertis, De. and Robertis Jr., De.: Cell and Molecular Biology. CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd.

15. Pollard, T. D.; Earnshaw, W. C.; Lippincott-Schwartz, J.; and Johnson, G. T.: Cell Biology: Elsevier.

16. John, R. W. Masters (Editor): Animal Cell Culture - a practical approach. Oxford University Press.

17. Frifelder, D. M.:Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences/Biochemistry). W. H. Freeman.

18. Kumar, A.; Galaev, I. Y.; and Mattiasson, B.: Cell Separation - Fundamentals, Analytical and Preparative Methods. Springer.