Syllabus (ZOOLOGY)

Course Type: MDC-2

Semester: 2

Course Code: BMDCZOO2T

Course Title: Biological Sciences(ZOO)

(L-P-Tu): 2-0-1

Credit: 3

Practical/Theory: Theory

Course Objective:

Learning Outcome: Students will learn about diversity of plant and animal life on earth, how the diversity evolved, the molecular and genetic basis of evolution of diversity, importance of diversity and need for conservation of diversity. Students will appreciate the treme

UG Four Year Course 2023

Multi-Disciplinary Course- Natural Sciences

Course Type: MDC-2

Semester: 2

Course Code: BMDBOT2T

Course Title: Biological Sciences

(L-P-Tu): 2-0-1

Credit: 3

Practical/Theory: Theory

Course Objective:

Learning Outcome: Students will learn about diversity of plant and animal life on earth, how the diversity evolved, the morphological, Physiological, Biochemical & the molecular basis of life; genetic basis of evolution of diversity, importance of diversity and need for conservation of diversity. Students will appreciate the modern trends in biological research

Unit: Plant Science: 1.5 credits

1. Plant diversity1.1A brief idea of 5 kingdom concepts;

1.2. Basic idea about cryptogams and Phanerogams with examples including morphological &

anatomical features of Plantae with distribution & importance.- 2 Lectures

2. 2.1.Brief idea about ecology;

2.2. Habitat, ecosystem, factors of ecosystem, Energy flow and biogeochemical cycles;

2.3. Taxonomy of flowering plants including identification, nomenclature & classification;

2.4. Concept of phylogeny and Numerical taxonomy (Basic idea).-3 lectures

3. 1.Morphology of Flowering plants with special reference to root, stem, flower, fruits;

3.2. Anatomical features of tissue systems of root stem & leaves with some adaptive features.-

4. Life Process of plants

4.1. Basic idea about Absorption of mineral nutrients,

4.2. Phloem translocation,

4.3. Photosynthesis – basic outline with diversity;

4.4. Respiration-basic outline with reference to energy production;

4.5. Plant growth & development with special emphasis on phyto-hormones and their role on

growth & development;

4.6. Nitrogen metabolism with symbiotic mechanisms.

5. Life Process of Plants II:

5.1. Basic idea about Sexual reproduction in flowering plants with special reference to induction of flower,

5.2. Pollination, Pollen-Pistil interaction,

5.3. Microsporogenesis & male gametophyte development, Megasporogenesis & female

gametophyte development; Double Fertilization;

5.4. Fruit & Seed development & Dispersal;

5.5. Inheritance pattern of characters (only Mendelism)

6. Plants in human welfare including food, fuel, fodder, medicines and ecological restorations;

crop improvement strategies with special reference to Breeding, tissue culture & biotechnology.-

7. Modern trends in plant biology including application of bioinformatics, AI, Genomics for the Plant biology research in 21st century.

Unit/Group-Animal Science. - 1.5 Credits.

Diversity of Animals and Origin of diversity

1. Types of animals-Introductions to Different Phyla.
   1. The Invertebrates
   2. Animals with back bone

2. Origin of Diversity-Evolution

2.1 Origin:

Origin of the Universe, Emergence of Heavy elements, Earth –the beginning, Formation of organic and biological molecules-building blocks of life. Origin of first cells.

2.2. Great Oxygenation event-A metabolic switch and Cambrian explosion.

Explosion of life diversity and some extinction. The basic diversity of animals and their proposed evolutionary orders. Cambrian explosion and establishment of animal forms.

2.3. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

2.4. From single cell to metazoan.

2.5. How things change? The basic evolutionary theories. Darwin vs Creationists. Natural selection –the blind watchmaker.

2.6. The Mass extinctions. K-T extinction, Adaptive radiation of mammals. Story of Us- Biological and cultural evolution of Homo sapiens.

3. Genes and Inheritance.

3.1. Building blocks of life, DNA, RNA, Proteins and lipids.

3.2. Genes are the basic unit of inheritance and evolution.

3.3. Mutation as source of variation- how genes change the destiny of organisms.

3.4. Genetic engineering – Manipulating genes for pharmaceuticals, high yield crops to Cloning.

4. How the Body Works-basics of human physiology.

4.1. Respiration.

4.2. Blood circulation.

4.3. Excretion.

4.3. Nervous system and brain.

4.4. Adaptation: Surviving extreme climates. Arctic, aquatic and desert.

5. Diseases and our defense.

5.1. Virus, bacteria, protozoa and other parasites.

5.2. Respiratory virus, Vector born diseases, Bacterial diseases-prevention and management.

5.3. Our Immune system- Innate and adaptive

6. Behaviour –Nature or nurture?

The basic units of behaviour. How evolution shape animal behaviour. The selfish gene. Arms race and cooperation- why Thompson gazelle prong, cheetah run fast, lemmings commit suicide but Lady Black Widow spider eats her husband?

7. Cognition and consciousness. “I think therefore I am”?

Learning, memory and self-awareness. Cognitive disorders-Autism, Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia and Parkinson’s Disease-Symptoms, management and treatment.

8. Understanding and protecting Diversity.

8.1. Introduction to Biodiversity.

8.2. Types of Biodiversity.

8.3. Value of Biodiversity.

8.4. Biodiversity hotspots. Biodiversity of India. The IUCN and Red Data Book.

8.3. Protecting Biodiversity through conservation.

8.4. Wild life conservation. Indian acts, Sanctuaries and National parks.

8.5. Protecting endangered flora and fauna.

8.6. India’s success in Tiger conservation, conservation of Rhinoceros and Elephants.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. A text book of Botany (Vol. I, II, III)- Hait, Bhattacharya & Ghosh,
2. Studies in Botany (Vol. I & II) Guha & Choudhury
3. Udbhidbidda- Sikdar, Sen & Giri
4. College Botany (Vol. I & II) B.P. Pandey,
5. 5.Fundamental Botany- Sen & Giri
6. Krebs, C.J. (2014). Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance, 6^th Edition.
7. Odum, E.P. (2008). Fundamentals of Ecology, 2^nd Edition.
8. Smith, R.L. (1998). Ecology and Field Biology.
9. Stilling, P. (2012). Ecology: Global Insights and Investigations.
10. Bowman, W.D., Hacker, S.D. and Cain, M.L. (2017). Ecology, 4^th Edition.
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16. Rastogi, V.B. (2012). Organic Evolution, 13^th Edition.
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19. Chaki, K.K. Kundu, G. & Sarkar, S. (2005). Introduction to General Zoology. Vol. 1. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Kolkata.
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22. Parker, T. J. & Haswell, W. (1972). Text Book of Zoology, Volume II: Marshall and Willam (Eds.) 7th Ed. Macmillan Press, London.
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34. Miller, G.T. 2002. Sustaining the earth, an integrated approach. (5th edition) Books/Cole,
35. Mohapatra Textbook of Environmental Biotechnology IK publication.
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41. Thakur, I. S., Environmental Biotechnology, I K Publication.
42. Valuation and Conservation of Biodiversity: Interdisciplinary Perspectives… Michael Markussen, Ralph Buse, HeikoGarrelts, MaríaManez Costa, Susanne Menzel, Rainer Marggraf. 2005.
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