Syllabus (PHYSICS)

Course Type: ME-4

Semester: 4

Course Code: BPHSMEA24C

Course Title: Electricity and Magnetism

(L-P-Tu): 3-1-0

Credit: 4

Practical/Theory: Combined

Course Objective: The objective of this course is to familiarize undergraduate students with the principles of electricity and magnetism, providing a comprehensive understanding of their correlation. Students will learn about electric and magnetic fields, Gauss's Law, Ampere's Circuital Law, and Faraday's Law. Through theoretical concepts and practical applications, students will develop problem-solving skills and gain proficiency in analyzing electrical and magnetic phenomena. They will apply mathematical tools to solve complex electromagnetic problems, enhancing their quantitative abilities. By the end of the course, students will be equipped to comprehend and apply electromagnetism in various engineering, physics, and technological contexts, preparing them for advanced studies and careers in related fields.

Learning Outcome: By the end of this course, undergrad students will: a. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of electricity and magnetism principles, including electric and magnetic fields, Gauss's Law, Ampere's Circuital Law, and Faraday's Law. b. Develop problem-solving skills and apply mathematical tools to analyze and predict electrical and magnetic phenomena in various scenarios. c. Gain practical experience through laboratory experiments, enhancing their ability to conduct and interpret electrical and magnetic measurements. d. Apply electromagnetism knowledge to engineering, physics, and technological applications, fostering critical thinking and analytical abilities. e. Be prepared for advanced studies and careers in industry, physics, and related fields, equipped with a strong foundation in electromagnetism.

Theory:

Vector Analysis: Review of vector algebra (Scalar and Vector product), gradient, divergence, Curl and their significance, Vector Integration, Line, surface and volume integrals of Vector fields, Gauss-divergence theorem and Stoke's theorem of vectors (statement only). (10 Lectures)

Electrostatics: Electrostatic Field, electric flux, Gauss's theorem of electrostatics. Applications of Gauss theorem- Electric field due to point charge, infinite line of charge, uniformly charged spherical shell and solid sphere, plane charged sheet, charged conductor. Electric potential as line integral of electric field, potential due to a point charge, electric dipole, uniformly charged spherical shell and solid sphere.

Calculation of electric field from potential. Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor. Parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical condenser. Energy per unit volume in electrostatic field. Dielectric medium, Polarisation, Displacement vector. Gauss's theorem in dielectrics. Parallel plate capacitor completely filled with dielectric. (15 Lectures)

Magnetism: Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart's law and its applications- straight conductor, circular coil, solenoid carrying current. Divergence and curl of magnetic field. Magnetic vector potential. Ampere's circuital law. Magnetic properties of materials: Magnetic intensity, magnetic induction, permeability, magnetic susceptibility. Brief introduction of dia-, para-and ferro-magnetic materials. (10 Lectures)

Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law, self and mutual inductance, L of single coil, M of two coils. Energy stored in magnetic field. (4 Lectures)

Maxwell`s equations and Electromagnetic wave propagation: Equation of continuity of current, Displacement current, Maxwell's equations, Poynting vector, energy density in electromagnetic field, electromagnetic wave propagation through vacuum and isotropic dielectric medium, transverse nature of EM waves, polarization. (6 Lectures)

List of Practicals

1. To use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DC Current, and (d) checking electrical fuses.

2. Ballistic Galvanometer:

(i) Measurement of charge and current sensitivity

(ii) Measurement of CDR

(iii) Determine a high resistance by Leakage Method

(iv) To determine Self Inductance of a Coil by Rayleigh’s Method.

3. To compare capacitances using De’Sauty’s bridge.

4. Measurement of field strength B and its variation in a Solenoid (Determine dB/dx)

5. To study the Characteristics of a Series RC Circuit.

6. To study a series LCR circuit LCR circuit and determine its (a) Resonant frequency, (b) Quality factor

7. To study a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a) Anti-resonant frequency and (b) Quality factor Q

8. To determine a Low Resistance by Carey Foster’s Bridge.

9. To verify the Thevenin and Norton theorems

10. To verify the Superposition, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems

Reading References:

Theory

1. Electricity and Magnetism, E. M. Purcell and D. Morin, Cambridge University Press.

2. Foundation of Electricity and Magnetism, B. Ghosh, Books & Allied.

3. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J.Griffiths, Cambridge University Press.

4. Electricity and Magnetism, D. Chattopadhya & P. C. Rakshit, New Central Book Agency.

5. Electricity and Magnetism, D. L. Sehgal, K.L Chopra, and N.K. Sehgal, Sultan Chand and Sons.

6. College Physics, Vol. 2, A. B. Gupta, Books & Allied Pvt. Ltd.

Practical

1. An Advanced Course in Practical Physics, Chattopadhya & Rakshit.

2. B. Sc. Practical Physics, C.L. Arora, S Chand and Co..

3. Advanced practical physics/ by B. Ghosh and K. G. Mazumdar, Shreedhar Prakashani.

4. B. Sc. Practical Physics, G. Sanon, R. Chand & Co.