Syllabus (ZOOLOGY)

Course Type: MAJ-11

Semester: 7

Course Code: BZOOMAJ11C

Course Title: Non-Chordate structure and function and Enemology

(L-P-Tu): 4-2-0

Credit: 6

Practical/Theory: Combined

Course Objective:

Learning Outcome: This curriculum will provide a wide and vast understanding about the evolutionary changes of the invertebrate systems which depends upon their survival and reproduction within the natural habitat

Non-Chordate structure and function and Enemology

Group A

Non-Chordate structure and function

Course Objective: The field of invertebrate biology is so vast and runs across so many disciplinary lines so, it is necessary to make certain generalisation and to avoid others. Structure and function are the two primary focuses for the curriculum which is necessary to build up common threads of interest among students. The first topic, structure gives the general idea about the fundamentals of functional body architecture. The second group of themes emphasises on the degree to which the structure has been adapted over time to fulfil a specific function for the organism that bears it. After the completion of this course the student’s interest will be widen in knowing about the complex diversity of our living world inhabited by the animals which does not have notochord in any stage of their life cycle.

1. General Organization:

1.1. Organelles in Protozoans- Cilia, flagella, pseudopodia, vacuoles, Kinetoplast, Pellicle and skeleton.

2. Feeding and Digestion:

2.1. Nutrition in Protozoa -Types and mode of feeding.

2.2. Feeding diversity in Rotifers, Bryozoans and Echinoderms (Selected major and minor phyla)- Structural diversities.

3. Movements:

3.1. Movements in Amoeba, Annelids (Earthworm); Echinoderms (Starfish).

4. Blood Circulation:

4.1. Circulation in Earthworm, and Pila.

4.2. Types of blood circulation (open and close types).

5. Excretion:

5.1. Structure and function of kidneys in cephalopods

6. Nervous System:

6.1. Brief introduction to Nervous Organization with special reference to Cephalopods

7. Reproduction:

7.1. Budding and regeneration in Hydra and Planarians.

7.2. Invertebrate hormones of reproduction with special emphasis on Crustaceans.

8. Growth and Development:

8.1. Moulting in Crustaceans: Hormonal regulation

8.2. Larval forms in echinoderms and hemichordates.

Group B: Title: Entomology

1. Insect Diversity & Classification:

1.1. Insect diversity and adaptive features.

1.2. Outline classification of Insects up to the orders with examples (After Richards and Davies, 1977 with minor revision).

2. Integument of Insects:

2.1. Basic structure and functions; structure of cuticle, types of cuticle, sclerotization, epidermis and basement membrane.

3. Feeding mechanism and feeding structure in Insects:

3.1. Insect mouth parts

3.2. Structure of the gut, digestion and absorption of food, & fat body.

4. Insect Blood Circulation:

4.1. Composition, Structure, and Function.

4.2. Diaphragm and heart, haemolymph and its functions

5. Photogenic Organ and Light Production in Insects.

6. Mechanism of Stridulation in insects:

6.1. Types of insect sound and its significance.

7. Introduction to Insect Nervous System.

7.1. Mechanism of impulse conduction.

8. Reproductive Mechanism:

8.1. Basic idea of Parthenogenesis, Viviparity, Polyandry, Hermaphroditism in Insects.

8.2. Hormonal regulation of reproduction in Insects.

9. Growth and Development:

9.1. Metamorphosis, Diapause in insects; types and hormonal regulation.

10. Insect-Plant interaction:

10.1. Insect-Plant co-evolution

10.2. Categories of insect-plant interaction

10.3. Plant defense against insects

Practical 2 credits

1. Non-Chordate Anatomy

1.1. Comparative anatomy of excretion, nervous system in Arthropoda &

Mollusca (Demonstration/ Model)

1.2. Special structure – stomatogastric nervous system in cockroach,

sting apparatus of honey bee/ant

1.3. Distinctive features and identification of non-chordate from museum specimen

1.4. Demonstration of live protozoa and Rotifer (free living and parasitic) under microscope.

2. Entomology:

2.1. Collection, preservation and identification of insects

2.2. Identification of different larval stages of mosquito

2.3. Mounting of mouthparts of mosquito and housefly

Books Recommended:

1. Barrington, E. J. W. (2012). Invertebrate structure and Function. 2nd edition, Affiliated EastWest Press Pvt. Ltd.-New Delhi.

2. Barnes, R. D. & Ruppert, E. E., (1996). Invertebrate Zoology. 6th ed. Brooks Cole.

3. Anderson, D.T. (2002). Invertebrate Zoology, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press.

4. Meglitsch, P.A., & Schram, F.R. (2020). Invertebrate Zoology, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press.

5. Pechenik, J. A. (2019). Biology of the Invertebrates, 7th edition, McGraw Hill Education. 6. Brusca, R.C., Moore, W., & Shuster, S.M. (2016). Invertebrates, 3rd edition, Sinauer Associates.

7. Schierwater & DeSalle (2018). Invertebrate Zoology, A Tree of Life Approach. 1st edition. CRC press, Taylor & Francis group, Garland Science.

8. Gillott, C. (2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer Online Book - ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3183- 0 (e-book)

9. Chapman, R.F. (1998) The Insects: structure and function 5th edition, Cambridge University Press.

10. Imms, A.D., Richard, O.W., & Davies, R.G. (1977) IMMS’ General Textbook of Entomology: (2 volumes), 10th edition, Springer.

11. Klowden, M. J. (2007). Physiological systems in Insects, 2nd edition, Elsevier.

12. Wigglesworth, V. B. (1984). Principles of Insect Physiology, 8th edition, Springer.

13. Gullan, P. J. and Cranston, P. S. (2014). The Insects – an outline of Entomology. 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing